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Jasmine

University of Stuttgart / University of Karlsruhe, swarmrobot.org (Germany) · 2005

Not for saleNever sold as a finished robot. Swarmrobot.org gives the cost of building one as around 100 euro in parts (October 2026 check of the site, which still lists suppliers and part numbers for the main and motor boards), and the project's 2011 arXiv paper set a target of at most 100 euro per robot. Year 2005 is the copyright date on the robot's electronics and mechanics.
Not for sale (research)Via SSH / web / bridgeSugar-cube sizedBuild it yourselfSwarm of 100+Infrared messages
Not for saleShipping: Not for sale. Never sold. Swarmrobot.org publishes the schematics, PCB layouts, parts lists and firmware so a lab can order the parts and build its own robots.
Remote control: Firmware is written in C and built with the standard AVR GCC tool chain, which runs on Mac, Windows and Linux, then flashed to each robot with an AVR programmer. A serial link to a PC is only used for testing, and there is no live remote control from a computer.

Overview

An open-hardware micro-robot from the I-Swarm era, designed by Sergey Kornienko and colleagues at the University of Stuttgart so that a lab could build a swarm of 100 or more robots for around 100 euro each. Robots work together without any central computer. Each one sends and receives short infrared messages on six channels around its body, reaching about 15 to 30 cm at over 1,000 bits per second, and the channel a message arrives on tells it which side the sender is on. The same infrared parts double as distance sensors, so swarm behaviors such as aggregation, collective perception and docking for recharge run entirely from local contact between neighbors. The catch is that it was never sold, building one means hand-assembling small SMD boards from a parts list that is now two decades old, and the project has been hosted independently since the University of Stuttgart stopped hosting it in 2012.

Specifications

CategoryWheeled rovers · Research mobile manipulators & platforms
Released2005
CountryGermany
AvailabilityNot for sale (research)
ProgrammabilityOpen source (hardware + software)
Built-in autonomyReactive · Responds to its surroundings without a map, such as avoiding obstacles or following a person
LLM supportNone · No LLM features. Each robot runs a few kilobytes of C on an 8-bit microcontroller with no network link to a computer.
MuJoCo simulationNone found · Nothing found.
NVIDIA Isaac simulationNone found · Nothing found.
Gazebo simulationNone found · Nothing found. The project ships its own simulator built on the open-source Breve 3D engine (scripts in the Steve language) with models of Jasmine III and its proximity and distance sensors.
Best forProfessionals & labs
Vision sensorsNo vision sensors
ActuatorsDC / gear motors
AudioNo audio
Compute typeArduino / ESP32 / microcontroller
Remote controlVia SSH / web / bridge
SizeAbout 26 × 26 × 26 mm, a stack of circuit boards on a small chassis
DriveTwo GM15 geared DC motors, differential drive
ComputeATmega168 on the main board (16 KB flash) plus an ATmega88 on the motor board, linked by a TWI (I2C) bus
VisionNone
LidarNone
SensorsSix infrared channels around the body used both for obstacle and distance sensing (over 150 mm) and for robot-to-robot messages, surface-shape and color sensing per the arXiv paper, battery level sensor. Extension boards add odometry, light-gradient and color sensing, ZigBee radio and a docking/charging station
RuntimeAbout 1 to 2 hours on a 250 mAh LiPo cell (about 200 to 220 mA in full operation)
SpeedOver 50 cm/s maximum (arXiv paper)
SDKOpen-source C firmware for AVR (compact BIOS with motion, collision avoidance, communication and perception modules) and a Breve-based simulator, all downloadable from swarmrobot.org under the GNU GPL

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