





Overview
A ping-pong-ball-sized swarm robot built at Nikolaus Correll's lab at CU Boulder, meant to sit between the Kilobot and e-puck in size, cost and ability. Each Droplet uses six infrared emitters and receivers both to send messages and to work out the range, bearing and heading of neighbors from a 6×6 grid of signal strengths, so one broadcasting robot gives position information to every robot that hears it. Groups share the infrared channel with time slots, keeping in step with a firefly-style synchronization rule, and have been used to form shapes, camouflage themselves against a projected pattern and act as atoms in a chemistry simulation. The robots never need charging because their legs draw power from a striped electrified floor, and they can be poured out of a bucket and right themselves. The catch is that the whole system depends on that special floor, the robots were never sold, and the code and tools have not been updated since 2018.
Specifications
| Category | Wheeled rovers · Research mobile manipulators & platforms |
|---|---|
| Released | 2013 |
| Country | USA |
| Availability | Not for sale (research) |
| Programmability | Open source (hardware + software) |
| Built-in autonomy | None / scripted · Moves only when controlled, or plays preset motions |
| LLM support | None · No LLM features. Programs are embedded C running on an 8-bit Atmel microcontroller. |
| MuJoCo simulation | None found · Nothing found. |
| NVIDIA Isaac simulation | None found · Nothing found. |
| Gazebo simulation | None found · Nothing found. The lab's own cu-droplet-sim simulator (C++, Qt) exists but is Windows-only and has not been updated since 2015. |
| Best for | Professionals & labs |
| Vision sensors | No vision sensors |
| Actuators | Other |
| Audio | No audio |
| Compute type | Arduino / ESP32 / microcontroller |
| Remote control | Via SSH / web / bridge |
| Size | About 44 mm diameter (2.2 cm radius) and 2.4 cm tall, nearly spherical with a flat bottom |
| Drive | Three vibration motors placed opposite three legs, giving omnidirectional stick-slip motion after a one-time camera calibration |
| Compute | Atmel ATxmega128A3U microcontroller |
| Vision | None |
| Lidar | None |
| Sensors | Six infrared emitters, six receivers with 38 kHz demodulation and six raw-amplitude infrared sensors for messages and range, bearing and heading of neighbors (2 to 20 cm), RGB color and brightness sensor on top, RGB LED, 16-bit unique ID |
| Runtime | Unlimited while on the powered floor (power through the legs from alternating +5 V and ground strips); supercapacitors bridge short contact gaps |
| Speed | Not published |
| SDK | Embedded C with the Droplet API, built in Atmel Studio and flashed with a PDI programmer (JTAGICE3 / Atmel-ICE); optional FTDI serial cable for debugging; hardware, firmware and floor designs under CC BY-NC-SA |
Ratings & reviews
Ratings and reviews load on the live site.
Similar robots
KilobotHarvard Self-Organizing Systems Research Group / K-Team (USA / Switzerland)$1,320 (10-pack)
PogobotSorbonne Université ISIR / ESPCI Paris-PSL (France)Not for sale
JasmineUniversity of Stuttgart / University of Karlsruhe, swarmrobot.org (Germany)Not for sale
e-puck / e-puck2EPFL / GCtronic (Switzerland)$1,020
AgileX Scout MiniAgileX Robotics (China)$5,895.95 (Trossen)
Clearpath JackalClearpath Robotics (Canada, part of Rockwell Automation)Quote (~$20,000+, est.)